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SELECT 
  cscart_product_point_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    cscart_product_point_prices.point_price
  ) AS point_price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_point_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_point_prices.product_id IN (243684, 277101, 277987) 
  AND cscart_product_point_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_point_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1)

Query time 0.00028

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "message": "no matching row in const table"
  }
}

Result

product_id	point_price